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NERO By Pueros Chapter LVIII Reunions (Lands of the Silures, Britannia [modern southeast Wales], Dies Lunae, Kal. Ian. DCCCVI A.V.C. [Monday, 1st January 53 AD]) For if anyone, no matter who, were given the opportunity of choosing from amongst all the nations of the world the set of beliefs which he thought best, he would inevitably, after careful consideration of their relative merits, choose those of his own country. - Herodotus of Halicarnassus I was for the second night running sitting in the biggest roundhouse I had ever seen in my life. The construction was so large that I genuinely wondered how the thatched roof, which had a hole in the middle to allow smoke from the central fire to escape, managed not to collapse on top of me and the others present. I was far from alone in the roundhouse, which belonged to the King of the Silures tribe. Also sitting cross-legged on the matted floor, in a large circle surrounding the warming central fire, were the host and his allies, the chieftains of the Catuvellauni and Dobunii, respectively Arviragus and Eisu, and other local Britannian notables. Additionally present were Aulus Didius Gallus and his escorting decurion, both of whom had been allowed to retain their weapons, plus Gaius, Hylas and Agricola. Agricola was sitting to my left, whilst Gaius was on my right. On the other side of my beloved was Hylas, also known as Anted, with his father, King Eisu of the Dobunii, next to him. The King of the Silures was hosting a sumptuous feast, prepared in another roundhouse and brought into ours by slaves, as slavery is sadly as much an institution in supposed barbarian Britannia as in civilised Rome. The food was washed down either with locally brewed beer or imported wine. The people inhabiting this part of the world might still be resisting Roman rule but they obviously had no objection to foreign viniculture. Arviragus had never had much taste for dishonouring the previous days parley arrangements, which had been mainly promoted by his ally, Eisu of the Dobunii. The latter had joined with the Catuvellauni and Silures in resisting the Romans, who in response had beaten them in battle. Eisu has escaped from the battlefield but not in the direction of his tribal capital, as the way had been cut off by the Romans. By the time that he did eventually return to the settlement by a lengthy circuitous route, the place had been destroyed by the enemy. His first wife had also been killed and his young son by her, Anted, had been captured, enslaved and sent to Rome. The Romans went on to destroy many Dobunii hillforts and other settlements, in the process massacring or enslaving many of the inhabitants. Given such personal and tribal loss, Eisu rather naturally chose to continue his resistance with a few equally vengeful tribal followers in order to try somehow to exact retribution. However, most of the survivors amongst his people chose to elect other leaders who were prepared to accept the suzerainty of the invaders in return for being allowed to resettle their lands. Given such circumstances, Eisus ready inclination to dishonour the parley conditions agreed with Aulus Didius Gallus came rather easily, as did his desire to assassinate the new Roman governor of Britannia. However, he had been overruled regarding the speedy killing of the Proconsul by Arviragus, who believed that initially capturing him instead would reap better rewards. The unexpected discovery by Eisu of his long-lost son amongst the Roman gubernatorial party had then caused both Kings to terminate their original treacherous intentions, helped to do so by not only Hylas presence but also the boys stinging criticism of their planned action. The challenge to their honour by the 10 year-old Dobunii prince had caused a rapid rethink and reversal of strategy. Arviragus had actually even diplomatically apologised to Aulus Didius Gallus for arriving in force. The King then invited the Governor, who was now quickly recovering from the shock of falling into a potentially deadly trap, to conduct talks in the more comfortable surrounds of a principal Silures settlement on the other side of the Sabrina Fluvius [modern River Severn]. Aulus Didius Gallus accepted. I remain unsure whether he did so because he felt that he had no choice, given the strength of Arviragus contingent of warriors, or because he genuinely accepted that there was no longer any danger. The journey to the large fortified Silures hilltop settlement took several hours and included being ferried with our horses across the Sabrina Fluvius. When we eventually reached the place, Aulus Didius Gallus and his party, including Hylas, Gaius, Agricola and me, were then treated with not only respect but also great hospitality. A feast was arranged and decent sleeping accommodation was provided for us in comfortable roundhouses. As I subsequently slept overnight with Gaius under a warm assortment of furs and hides, I commented to my beloved "This brings back memories of my early boyhood." Thoughts of my late father, mother, brother and sister, with whom I had shared the family roundhouse in my home village, then induced some melancholy, which the young man from Volsinii dispelled by holding me tightly and comforting me with words expressing how much he loved me. Whilst Agricola slumbered nearby, soundly but alone, as Hylas was sleeping overnight in his own fathers allocated roundhouse, I naturally later provided Gaius with his due reward for comforting me. We subsequently awoke at dawn, by which time the central fire in our own accommodation now just consisted of glowing embers. "Feliz ano novo!" I whispered to Gaius, who returned the greeting. We then celebrated the New Year by again making love before the day now scheduled for the serious peace negotiations began in earnest. Later, on the evening of New Years Day, I attended another feast in the huge roundhouse. On this occasion, the event celebrated not only our arrival but also the successful conclusion of talks between the Kings of the Catuvellauni, Dobunii and Silures on one side and the new Roman Governor of Britannia, Aulus Didius Gallus, on the other. I am happy to be able to say, without hopefully being too boastful, that I contributed significantly to the success. Aulus Didius Gallus now did listen to my advice, which was regularly whispered to him during the negotiations. The Governor appeared to have learnt a lesson from the events of the day before, namely that recommendations based on local knowledge were worthy of serious consideration during the talks. He also treated me much more amicably and with far greater respect than previously. The revised proconsular attitude could be considered by sceptics to be attributable to a hope on the part of Aulus Didius Gallus that I would not report his debility of the day before back to Rome. However, I eventually came to a different conclusion, namely that he had genuinely learnt the lesson about the need seriously to weigh insightful advice. I later discovered that Aulus Didius Gallus was actually no coward. He already had a distinguished military record, for brave and victorious campaigning in Chersonesus Taurica [modern Crimea], and he would prove to be a competent Governor of Britannia. I therefore subsequently concluded that Aulus Didius Gallus feebleness on New Years Eve had been attributable not to cowardice but to trauma emanating from the fact that he had judged a situation so badly. He had apparently never previously been so wrong whilst ignored advice had been so right. His temporary paralysis had resulted from the shock of this realisation and the resultant grave danger in which he had placed not so much himself but instead others and his mission. Now, Aulus Didius Gallus first mission in Britannia had been at least partially achieved. The basic philosophies of the two sides relating to the actual Roman presence in my homeland were too divergent to achieve a permanent settlement. However, a form of temporary truce had been agreed to give both parties time to recover from earlier hostilities and reflect on the future. Meanwhile, insurgent Catuvellauni and Dubonii would be allowed to return unmolested to their lands if they did so peacefully and accepted Roman suzerainty, which quite a few did. No attempt to capture the others would be made if they remained in Silures territory, from which the legions would keep clear for now. I am sure that both sides appreciated that the truce represented temporary not permanent peace between them and that hostilities would probably sometime restart. However, a breathing space had been created, during which those who were now weary of warfare and homesick would be afforded the opportunity to retreat honourably from the conflict back to their lands. As I chewed some venison at the celebratory feast, I listened to some of the conversations around me. In one, I heard Gaius smilingly comment to the boy whose Roman slave name was Hylas, which is derived from the mythical young beloved of Heracles, "You didnt tell me that you were really a prince of the Dobunni called Anted." "I didnt believe that my background in Britannia was relevant to my situation in Rome," the 10 year-old answered, rather maturely for his tender age, "and anyway my memory of my early life is very faint." "You recognised your father easily enough," Gaius retorted. "Yes, I did," Hylas remarked in reply, "but probably only because my recall of him going to fight the Romans in his chariot just before my capture was the most distinct remembrance of my early boyhood in my mind." "Well, my boy," Gaius asked, not entirely without seriousness, "what am I to call you now: Hylas, Anted or Your Majesty?" The 10 year-olds extremely pretty face blushed at the question. Nevertheless, the boy still managed to answer "Im not now Anted, a Dobunni prince, but Hylas, your slave, and thats what I want to remain." "I thank you for your loyal devotion," Gaius replied with sincerity, "but I dont believe that your father, King Eisu, will agree and, as he and his warriors and allies outnumber us Romans in this settlement by about a thousand to one, I dont propose to argue the point with him!" "Coward!" Hylas joked before retorting with clear conviction "Anyway, your timidity is irrelevant, as I think that my father will agree with me." "Why are you so sure?" Gaius enquired. "Because a eunuch is no good to him as a son," Hylas advised in a whisper, as his father was sitting to his right, "or to the Dobunni as a prince!" (Lands of the Germanic Bructeri tribe, unconquered Germania, east of the River Rhenus [modern North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany], same time) It is hard to express, citizens, how loathed we [the Romans] are by foreign nations! - Cicero in a speech in 66 BC Despite being dusk, large crowds of excited men, women and children had gathered in the centre of the Bructeri settlement to greet the warriors, who were returning with another interesting captive from the much-hated Romans. The now rather dishevelled and dirty Pliny was, like Axenius over 2 months previously, removed from his very uncomfortable and undignified position on his horse. Still with his hands bound and mouth gagged, he was then compelled by spears prodding his rear to walk through the crowds towards a tall wooden tower that dominated the settlement. The outrageously bearded leader of the warrior band that had captured Pliny then shouted up at the tower once he and his men and captive had arrived in front of the edifice. In response, a beautiful and immaculately presented 16 year-old girl appeared at one of the upper windows. Soon afterwards, Pliny found himself lying flat downwards in an act of prostration on the compressed soil comprising the ground inside the lower tower. He then experienced the further profanity of being dragged to his feet by his hair. Pliny, however, was not now feeling humiliated, frightened or anguished. Another intense emotion was instead pervading his form, which he could not express verbally because of his effective gag. Pliny was currently experiencing immense relief because standing next to the young priestess, as she examined the latest captive, was a person who had accompanied the girl down the stairs from the upper floor of the tower. The person concerned was Axenius. (Lands of the Silures, Britannia [modern southeast Wales], same time) I brought back home many who had been sold abroad .who had even forgotten how to speak their native tongue. - Solon Hylas whispered to Gaius that his father had originally gone berserk on the previous evening when they had been alone together after his son had confessed to him that he had been castrated in Rome. Eisu had also stood up in the roundhouse in which they were conversing and collected his weaponry and armour. "Ill kill every Roman here," Eisu swore vengefully in rage, as he unsheathed his long sword, "and every one in Britannia too for doing that to my son!" However, his acute anger was fortunately then soothed by Hylas. "No, father," Hylas had begged, "please dont vent your fury against the Romans here." The boy then went on both in conversation to embarrass the inherently very modest Gaius with his next words but, as he truly meant them, he did not care. "Gaius Musonius Rufus," Hylas had advised his father with clear conviction, "is not only my master but also one of the best people youre ever likely to meet. He saved me from abuse and has often asked me since to become his adopted son, which Ive declined because I want to continue to be his servant." "Meanwhile," Hylas had added, "Gaius Musonius Rufus fellow Roman, young Gnaeus Julius Agricola, is my close friend and murdering Aulus Didius Gallus would be both unjust and unwise. He had no connection with my castration and any assassination of the new Governor surely would destructively set the full might of the legions once more against our people." "Please calm, father," Hylas continued, "for what is done is done. Vengeance reeked against innocent people will not bring either justice or satisfaction!" Despite such early wise words from the sweet rosy lips of Hylas, who was again demonstrating maturity beyond his tender age, Eisu needed many more before he was prepared to cool down and accept the boys arguments. However, the Dobunii King eventually did regain his composure, albeit at the expense of more tears, shed as he again hugged his son. Eisu even finally accepted Hylas assertion that the boy should eventually return to Rome with Gaius. "My place is at my masters side there," the 10 year-old had argued, whilst his father still hugged him tightly, "or anywhere else he goes." "Ill always love you father," Hylas had contended, "but Im now thoroughly Romanised. I know only Roman ways, as I can recall virtually nothing about my early life amongst the Dobunii. Ive even forgotten the language of our tribe, hence our need to converse in Latin. You will also realise that Ill be stigmatised amongst our people because of my castration." "Youve told me that my mother was killed during the Roman invasion," Hylas reasoned, "and that I was her only child. Other than you, I therefore have no real connections here, and by your second wife you have other sons, as well as daughters, who can someday inherit your responsibilities. In the circumstances, it would be best if I returned with Gaius to Rome, which is now my true home." Hylas recognised that his father had surrendered to the boys argument when, whilst still hugging his son, the mans normally strong shoulders slumped in desperate despair, whilst his grip became even stronger and his tears more profound. (Lands of the Germanic Bructeri tribe, unconquered Germania, east of the River Rhenus [modern North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany], same time) .what is this prophesy of my headlong destruction? - Hector in Homers Iliad (16.843) Axenius, mischievously displaying an inscrutable expression, whispered something into Veledas young ear whilst the gagged and frustrated Pliny watched. The girls own face immediately broke into a broad smile and she viewed the latest captive with increased interest. Over 2 months previously, Axenius life had been saved because the humiliating shredding and stripping of his clothes had revealed him to be a eunuch. This discovery had given his warrior captors much amusement, at least until their holiest priestess and prophetess, Veleda, had silenced their chortling. Veleda did so by declaring Axenius to be a gift of the gods, sent to serve her. She added that no males were allowed to be her acolytes and venture into the upper reaches of her sacred tower but that eunuchs could not be described as true men or boys. Axenius might have been deeply insulted by Veledas insult, if the slur had not saved his life. He learnt shortly afterwards from the girl herself that the alternative to serving the young priestess was being fatally impaled. Axenius was able to communicate with Veleda because, in addition to losing his gag, he discovered that she could speak the language of the Chatti, to whom she was also a cherished priestess and prophetess. The girl was in turn honoured to find out that her proposed new acolyte was the grandson of the great Arminius, scourge of the Romans. Veleda could not, of course, now insist that the grandson of the revered Arminius should become her permanent acolyte. However, she did secure the young eunuchs agreement to grant her the honour of serving her temporarily until after an impending important festival celebrating the dark Germanic gods. Axenius was too relieved and grateful at his surprise rescue from being sacrificed horribly to deny Veleda her wish. The current skeleton impaled on a stake in a nearby clearing in the forest, which was that of another unfortunate traveller, a Romanised Gaul who had been captured a few months earlier, was gruesome evidence of what might have befallen him. The same fate would have befallen Pliny too if Veleda, at Axenius whispered behest, had not intervened. "Release the captive from his bondage," the young priestess had commanded of the Bructeri warriors in their local tongue. "He might be a Roman legionary officer," she added in explanation, "but hes also a friend of Arminius grandson." "Our gods," Veleda suggested, "will not want a friend of Arminius grandson to be sacrificed to them!" The disappointed warriors reluctantly but immediately complied with their holiest priestess command. The warriors had been looking forward to impaling Pliny. (Circus Maximus, Rome, next day) I am the more astonished that so many thousands of grown men should be possessed again and again with a childish passion to look at galloping horses, and men standing upright in their chariots. If, indeed, they were attracted by the swiftness of the horses or the skill of the men, one could account for this enthusiasm. But in fact it is a bit of cloth they favour, a bit of cloth that captivates them. And, if during the running the racers were to exchange colours, their partisans would change sides, and instantly forsake the very drivers and horses whom they were just before recognising from afar, and clamorously saluting by name. - Pliny the Younger (Letters, 9.6) Nero watched with apprehension as the four-horse chariot careered at great speed around the huge oval hippodrome of the Circus Maximus. However, he was virtually alone as a spectator. Aulus Plautius sat next to him in the temple-like Imperial box but otherwise the pulvinar was deserted, as too were the impressive ranks of banked terracing all around. They were the only people in the Circus Maximus apart from a few slaves performing maintenance work and the charioteer and his trainer and groom. The latter pair had positioned themselves amongst the statues and other ornate decorative structures on the central spina, wanting to view the practice run from as close as possible, partly to be readily at hand in the advent of an accident. Suffuscus, however, thankfully suffered no accident, as he raced round the oval circuit, handling his four horses, which included Bucephalus, with commendable skill and aplomb for a 15 year-old boy. Dressed in the colours of a member of the Greens racing factiones, he proved particularly adept at speeding round the dangerously tight bends at the turning posts, or metae, located at each end of the spina. Nevertheless, the four concerned spectators only felt able to shed their worries when Suffuscus eventually successfully concluded the seven anti-clockwise laps of the circuit that would have constituted a normal competitive race and brought his horses to a halt. The boys competent trainer, who was naturally from the Greens, subsequently commented to Aulus Plautius that his adopted son appeared to be a natural charioteer. Aulus Plautius, however, had aspired to hear the opposite and so be able to put an early end to Suffuscus dangerous fancy. He was instead therefore compelled to place his hopes on the notion that his adopted son would not actually want to perform competitive racing. Such a pastime would be entirely inappropriate for a boy of Suffuscus patrician class to become involved. However, Aulus Plautius did also experience a fearful feeling that his determined adopted son would wish someday to defy snooty convention. (Imperial palace, Palatine Hill, Rome, over 1 month later, Dies Solis, A.D. III Id. Feb. DCCCVI A.V.C. (Sunday, 11th February 53 AD]) Ignorance of one's misfortunes is clear gain. -Euripides ( Antiope, Fragment. 204) Unlike for Nero, Britannicus birthday celebrations did not now entail an official opulent palace occasion but were kept deliberately muted at Agrippinas behest. However, the newly 12 year-old prince did not mind, as he actually preferred playing a certain new ballgame with nine similarly naked friends in the palaestra of the Imperial residence to any partying. Britannicus might have adopted a different attitude if Agrippina had not allowed the boy to remain happily ignorant of the fact that the lack of a proper birthday celebration actually represented another augury of her increasingly sinister immediate intentions towards him. (Capitoline Hill, Rome, 11 days later, Dies Jovis, A.D. VIII Kal. Mart. DCCCVI A.V.C. [Thursday, 22nd February 53 AD]) Those who enter into office may also be reasonably expected to offer magnificent sacrifices and to erect some public building, so that the common people, participating in the feasts and seeing their city embellished with offerings and buildings, may readily tolerate a continuance of this constitution. - Aristotle on oligarchy (Politics, 6.1321) The annual festival of Concordia was being celebrated in Rome. Consequently, all of the citys schoolchildren were excused lessons, including those being tutored with Nero by Seneca. The goddess, Concordia, with Pax and Salus, promotes unity, both within the state and individual families. She is particularly invoked on behalf of the Imperial gens and so is often included on the coinage of the Empire, being shown holding the cornucopia, or horn of plenty, as oneness assists prosperity. Two temples to Concordia had been built in Rome in ancient times. However, the goddess celebrations today were mainly centred on the altar and shrine rebuilt for her by Augustus and his wife, Livia, but actually officially opened, 43 years prior to the present event, by the then heir presumptive to the Principate, Tiberius. The edifice, crammed with Greek statues, is situated on the triumphal road that climbs the Capitoline Hill Claudius naturally attended the current celebration with his fourth wife, Agrippina, and her son, Nero. Given the nature of the occasion, invoking family values, the Empress could not prevent Britannicus and his sister, 13 year-old Octavia, from being present too, although their positioning was kept deliberately and significantly inferior to that of their older stepbrother. The Imperial party entered through a hexastyle colonnade into the temples vast cella, where most rituals are celebrated and which is actually greater in width than length. At the sides are statues of Hercules and Mercury, who are supposed to be respective symbols of the security and prosperity provided by the Imperial system. The cella is occasionally also used for meetings of the Senate. For example, Cicero made his fourth speech against the demagogue and rebel, Catiline, and Sejanus, Tiberius disgraced henchman, was condemned to death there. As Agrippina entered the cella alongside her husband and son, she was resplendently dressed in a pure white stola fringed with purple and gold, with matching sandals. She sported a pearl necklace and earrings, and a lapis lazuli gorget around her throat and gold bangles on her wrists and ankles. Meanwhile, Agrippinas scheming mind was wandering from the imminent ceremonial rituals. Her thoughts had been stimulated into doing so because her eyes had seen people in the throngs of patricians watching the spectacle, who were potential opponents and rivals to her ambitions and whom she now proposed to eliminate soon. Agrippina had also decided that Britannicus would also soon be disposed of, whilst young Octavia would be married to Nero. (Lands of the Dobunii, Britannia [modern Gloucestershire, England], a couple of weeks later, early Martius DCCCVI A.V.C. [March 53 AD]) .blood-besmeared, growling over gory bones, half-cleared down in his gloomy den.' - Virgil about Cerberus, watchdog of Hades Eisu, previous bellicose determination to resist the Romans now subsumed by his reunion with his long-lost son, Anted, otherwise known as Hylas, and most of his followers were amongst those who accepted the agreed accommodation with the invaders and returned peacefully to their tribal homelands. My mission to Britannia had been completed on settlement of the truce but leaving the country to return to Rome was impossible because the sea-lanes were seasonally closed. I and my own little personal entourage had therefore accepted an invitation from the King of the Dobunii to spend the rest of the winter with him. Now being thoroughly Romanised, I initially actually preferred to experience the greater comforts of Camulodunum, to where Aulus Didius Gallus had returned, or Londinium to the village of roundhouses to which Eisu took us. However, my politeness in face of his invitation, plus the opportunity of allowing Hylas to remain with his father for a couple of months whilst we awaited winter to end and the opening of the sea-lanes, overcame my original predilection. In the event and despite the often cold and snowy weather, the company and hospitality we enjoyed in the Dobunii village easily compensated for the more primitive living conditions. Hylas particularly enjoyed meeting and playing with his younger infant stepbrothers and stepsisters, who were pleasant products of his fathers second marriage to an equally nice woman. I even indulged with Gaius, Hylas and Agricola in some hunting with Eisu. However, I am sad to record that my beloved and I only proved how inexpert we were at the pastime in comparison with the King of the Dobunii. Fortunately, young Agricola commendably demonstrated that not all Romans were like Gaius, namely incompetent at the activity. Hylas, despite his tender years, also soon became an expert hunter at his fathers side, so shaming his fellow Britannian, namely me. However, I did secure some modicum of revenge, as I proved quite a deadly thrower not of spears but of snowballs. Meanwhile, Gaius and Eisu, possibly because of their obvious shared love of Hylas, quickly acquired a mutual regard for each other, which developed into friendship by the time that they eventually separated. The pair enjoyed each others company and would often converse privately. The most common topic of the conversations between Gaius and Eisu was naturally Hylas. However, their chat often deviated into less serious subjects. For example, Gaius appraised me of a debate he and Eisu had regarding Roman cognominis. "Dont you dislike the suffix of Rufus?" Hylas father had asked of my beloved, in respect of the last part of his name that referred descriptively to his reddish-brown hair. "Well," Gaius had replied, "at least Rufus is better than the likes of Cincinnatus, Calvus, Capito, Naso, Crassus, Macer, Flaccus or Bibulus!" Eisu, who shared with most Britannian royals a good knowledge of Latin, which was a phenomenon that had preceded the recent invasion because of earlier diplomatic and commercial links with Rome, laughed in response. The King appreciated that the common cognominis concerned respectively meant curly, baldy, bighead, nosey, fatty, skinny, floppy and drinker. On the morning of our planned departure from the Dobunii village for the southern coast of Britannia, where we were to embark on a naval ship to return to Gaul and then Rome, Eisu invited Gaius to speak alone with him in his roundhouse for a more serious final conversation. As my beloved never kept any secrets from me, he later told me the gist of their resultant lengthy chat, in which the King largely sought reassurances from the young man from Volsinii about the future welfare of the boy who to him would always be named Anted. Despite clearly loving his father and rejoicing in his company, emotions that were obviously reciprocated, Hylas never wavered in his determination to return to Rome with Gaius. The fact of his castration had been hidden from the rest of the Dobunii but was likely to be eventually discovered. The boy knew that such a revelation would lead to ostracism, as did Eisu, which, I am sure, was one of the mans main motives for allowing his son to leave. The other was the fact that my caring and worthy beloved would remain his effectual guardian. Eisu had already been very impressed with the education Gaius had personally afforded to Hylas. The boy was literate and numerate, well versed in subjects such as Roman and Greek literature and history and well travelled, having been with his master to such exotic places as Aegyptia. Gaius had confirmed to Eisu that he had on several occasions tried to convince Hylas to allow him to adopt him but the boy had invariably declined. "However, dont worry," my beloved had added, "because to me your Anted will always be like a son and Ill not only look after him well as he grows but also Ill want to see him prospering in adulthood!" "You will truly look after Anted," Eisu finally again said to of Gaius, more in summary than query at the eventual end of their long private conversation. "Of course I will," my beloved answered sincerely and patiently, "because, as Ive already mentioned, hes like a son to me too!" "Will you then permit him another gift from me?" Eisu went on to ask. The King of the Dobunii had already showered mementoes of their reunion onto his son, primarily Britannian jewellery and weaponry, which Gaius packed away because the boy needed to grow a lot before he acquired the physical size to sport the various items. Having received an affirmative response to his latest request, Eisu stood up and left the roundhouse in which he and Gaius had been privately talking about Hylas. The King returned soon afterwards with a little black puppy. "How cute!" Gaius declared. "You wont think the same in few months time," Eisu smilingly retorted. "Why not?" Gaius enquired. "Ill let you find out for yourself!" Eisu replied, whilst his grin broadened in mischief. In fact, Gaius did not have to wait for a few months in order to acquire an answer to his question, as I provided it shortly afterwards on seeing the cute puppy. "Oh dear," I whispered to my beloved, whilst Hylas played with his latest paternal gift, which was designed ultimately to aid his protection, "your young companion appears to have been presented with one of the Dobuniis famed hunting hounds!" Gaius had seen these large ferocious beasts around the village and being used by Eisu and other Dobunii whilst hunting. However, the hounds had always been well controlled by their masters and the small puppy currently being enjoyed by Hylas appeared at first glance to be unlikely to grow into such a creature. "Is the dogs breed likely to cause us problems?" Gaius asked, concern in his own voice now reflecting that apparently in mine. "Not to us as such," I initially mysteriously and mischievously responded, "but to you and your fellow Romans!" "You see, my dear Gaius," I added, whilst now displaying my own wicked grin, "the dog will, as you can guess, grow to an enormous size and possess a massive appetite. The fully developed savage beast will also have a particular penchant, bred into it, for chewing tribal enemies, such as Romans!" "Oh dear!" Gaius reflected, whilst repeating my earlier comment. (Domus of Aulus Vitellius, Palatine Hill, Rome, later same day) Nemo repente fuit turpissimus. (No-one ever suddenly became depraved.) - Juvenal (Satires, ii.83) "I cant say that the ideas original," the dissolute Aulus Vitellius confessed to the equally rakish Otho and his wife, Poppaea, "as I was present when the Emperor Gaius Caligula held a similar event in the Imperial palace." The debauched host was, of course, referring to the nature of his latest orgy. The depraved banquet was supposed to commemorate the second anniversary of the death of Aulus father, Lucius Vitellius, who had been an obsequious crony from an early age of Antonia. She was the daughter of Mark Antony and Augustus sister, Ocatavia, and mother to Germanicus and Claudius, who therefore also granted the flatterer favour. Having served as a Consul under Tiberius, the current Emperor had shown him honour by enabling him twice to share the same exalted position with the latest Princeps, as well as the Censorship on one occasion. Despite Lucius Vitellius obsequiousness, which had succeeded in elevating him and his family, he did exhibit some good traits, which his son sadly never did. For example, he proved to be an energetic and effective Governor of Syria in Tiberius reign, during which time he dismissed Pontius Pilate, who held a similar but subordinate post over Judaea, for being excessively harsh and provocative towards the local Jewish population. He also proved to be so astute a politician that he could befriend both Messalina and Agrippina. As previously mentioned, Lucius Vitellius sycophancy had once encouraged him to live near to Tiberius on the island of Capriae, where he allowed young Aulus regularly to visit the Emperors vast palatial cliff-top villa. The father must have known that the boy, like others both free and slave, would be drawn into indulging in depravities with the perverted Princeps there. However, despite his apparent willingness to overlook his sons involvement in such vice in return for gaining Imperial favour, I am sure that he would have abhorred the nature of the event his heir had chosen to commemorate the second anniversary of his death. Nevertheless, given that Aulus Vitellius fondness for perversions probably stemmed from his boyhood experiences, which his late father had seemingly condoned, I can see the point behind the sons disdainful holding of an orgy. The motive was, of course, a wish to gain vengeance by exhibiting gross disrespect. Aulus Vitellius might, as a boy, have come to like the depravities in which he had become frequently involved. However, there must also have been some shame, not least from the thought that a father was willing to surrender his son to such perversions in return for personal and family advancement. As Gaius Caligula had once done, Aulus Vitellius had, to celebrate the 2nd anniversary of his fathers death, arranged for the walls, floors and ceiling of his triclinium to be painted completely black. The tables, goblets and dishes were of the same colour, whilst the couches had been carved in the form of funeral slabs. The whole sinister scene was illuminated by little lamps more common in tombs, whilst pretty naked dark-skinned boys of African origin served not only the food, which was itself all tinted black, but also their sexual favours. (Castra Vetera, Germania Inferior [modern Xanten, Germany], 1 week later) Once again his crimson ball Love, golden-locked, throws my way Challenging me to play . - Anacreon of Teos (Fragment 338) After their adventures amidst the dense untamed forests of the east bank of the mighty Rhenus, Pliny had eventually returned with Axenius to Castra Vetera. Their time spent with the Bructeri, which included attending important ceremonies relating to the local gods, with thankfully none involving human sacrifice, had finally concluded when Veleda had gratefully granted the pair some guides to lead them to the Chatti. The grandson of the esteemed Arminius was naturally then received by the Chatti with great hospitality, even if he was clearly Romanised and was accompanied by a senior legionary officer. The mannerly reception by Axenius people was further aided by his agreement to fund the supply of materials needed for the comprehensive reconstruction of many of their villages, which had suffered much damage in the recent war. As a consequence of Axenius largesse, a number of reliable merchants located in Roman Germania were kept lucratively busy for months. However, the buyer of their supplies felt obliged in leave the oversight of the satisfactory completion of the relevant commissions in Plinys hands, as his return to Rome and reunion with his family and friends there was considerably overdue. On the journey back to Castra Vetera, Pliny had amused himself by occasionally carping in jest at how Axenius had lured him into potentially grievous trouble, particularly the threat of being impaled. However, his beloved Germanian eunuch eventually managed to put an end to such joking with a humorous retort. "Well," Axenius had suggested, whilst referring obliquely to their regular lovemaking, "perhaps its about time that, instead of my rectum being regularly invaded by a Roman prong, yours was by a Germanic one!" (Noviomagus, south coast of Britannia [modern Chichester, Sussex, England], same time) Go with a light heart and with memories Of me, for you know how we cherished you. - Sappho (Fragment 94) The tearful Hylas waved at the equally lachrymose Eisu, as the Imperial trireme, carrying the boy, Gaius, Agricola, a puppy now called Cerberus and me, headed from the quayside for the harbour entrance and the rather choppy waves beyond. I was not looking forward to the impending crossing of the Oceanus Britannicus [modern English Channel] and the certainty of being reacquainted with what the Romans term nausea, which is Latin for seasickness. The sea was obviously quite rough but the captain of the trireme believed that his vessel could handle the conditions, which were windy and cold but sunny and which he did not expect to worsen. I prayed to the gods that he was correct in respect of both presumptions. Eisu had afforded his son the honour of escorting him, Gaius, Agricola, the puppy and me to Noviomagus, which had once been one of the main early Roman naval bases on the southern coast of Britannia. However, the port, which was the tribal capital of the Atrebates, longstanding allies of the invaders, even prior to the conquest, was quickly losing significance as a maritime centre. Harbours further to the east, such as Portus Dubris, which were closer to Gaul and not prone to river silting, were rapidly gaining greater favour. I would have preferred the much shorter and quicker sea crossing from Portus Dubris but Noviomagus, where the late second Governor of Britannia, Publius Ostorius Scapula, had first landed just over 5 years previously, was the nearest harbour from the lands of the Dobunii. Consequently, the current Proconsul, Aulus Didius Gallus, had from his base in Camulodunum ordered the trireme, which would transport us across the Oceanus Britannicus, to wait for us there. After Eisus sadly too brief reunion with his only son by his first marriage, the King of the Dobunni eventually turned tearfully away from the quayside after seeing the trireme disappear over the distant horizon. (Castra Vetera, Germania Inferior [modern Xanten, Germany], same time) One man is this way great and one man that. - Pindar Before Axenius embarked on his long journey, he was introduced by Pliny in Castra Vetera to a friend, someone who would accompany him back to Rome. The man had rather quietly and unofficially recently returned to Germania Inferior for a brief visit to old comrades. "Quintus Remmius Axenius," Gaius Plinius Secundus had formally said, using his lovers full name as a freedman, "may I introduce you to my former commander in Germania Inferior, Gnaeus Domitius Corbulo!" "Im truly honoured to meet you, Sir," the handsome young eunuch politely responded. Axenius was polite despite the fact that Corbulo had been the successful commander who had, after some initial difficulty, crushed the recent uprising against the Romans by the Chatti and other tribes. In consolidation of his victory and in order to improve local communications, he had also ordered the construction of a canal linking the Rhenus and Mosa Rivers [respectively modern Rhine and Meuse or, in Dutch, Maas]. As was common with conspicuously victorious generals, the Emperor had subsequently quickly recalled Corbulo to Rome, ostensibly to enjoy a military sabbatical but in reality so that he did not become over-mighty. Similar diplomatically cautious recalls had been suffered by Aulus Plautius and Vespasianus after their successes in Britannia. Corbulo had subsequently gained important fresh employment more speedily, as Pliny now explained to Axenius. "The Emperor," he expounded, "has appointed my friend and former commander as the next Governor of Asia. However, before he goes to the eastern part of the Empire, he thought that hed pay a lightening visit to his old friends guarding the less hospitable, in terms of both people and weather, west. Hes now returning to Rome and I suggested that you might like to travel together." Axenius appreciated that many senior Romans would thoroughly hate having what they might consider to be an upstart barbarian eunuch freedman foisted on them for such a trip. However, Pliny obviously knew that Corbulo was of a different calibre, and so he proved. "Im equally honoured to meet you," Corbulo replied to Axenius polite greeting, with obvious sincerity. "Ive been eagerly waiting," he smilingly continued in pleasant jest, "to become better acquainted with someone who keeps Gaius Plinius Secundus so busy in the Germanian forests!" Corbulo had been born in Peltuinum, a small town in the eastern Mons Apenninus [modern St. Paolo di Peltuino, eastern Apennine Mountains, Italy], which had recently benefited from building projects paid for by him, as his wealth grew in line with his military achievements, which often garnered much lucrative booty. He was the first son of a Senator who had risen in rank to become a Quaestor but had sadly then died before he achieved a Consulship. Corbulos mother, Vistilia, subsequently remarried and one of her daughters, Milonia Caesonia, by her new husband had eventually become the fourth wife of the Emperor Gaius Caligula. Her influence enabled her stepbrother to become a Consul, 14 years prior to his first meeting with Axenius and after first serving Tiberius in various less prestigious positions. Corbulos stepsister and her child by Gaius Caligula had been cruelly and rather needlessly murdered at the same time as that Emperor. Consequently, he had maintained a low profile in Roman affairs until Claudius, who could recognise merit, appointed him to his command in Germania Inferior. Pliny obviously greatly admired Corbulo, as he was to prove when writing about him in his history of the Germanic wars. However, I understand that much of his respect for the renowned general stemmed from not only his military exploits but also his liberality and tolerance towards others. Such liberality and tolerance was exemplified by Corbulos attitude towards Axenius and the homosexual relationship he knew he had with Pliny. The renowned general, who was strongly heterosexual and whose own wife had recently given birth to a daughter, Domitia Longina, who would become very important in my lifetime, accepted with immense affability that his friend was enjoying an affair with a so-called barbarian eunuch. Such an attitude was undoubtedly aided by Axenius own character, which Corbulo considered to be exemplary. The general knew that the young eunuch emanated from the Chatti, whom he had devastatingly defeated, but the youthful Germanian bore no grudges, and actually told him so. During conversation, Corbulo expressed the hope that Axenius did not hold any resentment towards him because of the recent war. "Definitely not, Sir," the young Germanian eunuch had answered with conviction, "because you were only doing your duty for your Emperor in the face of an insurrection seriously threatening your settled provinces. Besides, Pliny here was also involved in the campaign and I still lo .." Corbulo perceptively recognised that Axenius had unthinkingly originally now meant to say "I still love him", possibly followed by a "very much". The renowned general therefore could not help but smile when, for the sake of proprietary, the young Germanian eunuch managed suddenly to correct himself and instead declare "I still like him!" "Then," Corbulo had stated with equal conviction, "I truly look forward to your forgiving company on the road to Rome!" (Cabillonum, Roman Province of Lugdunensis, Gaul [modern Chalon-sur-Saône, France], a few weeks later, early Aprilis DCCCVI A.V.C. [April 53 AD]) Brothers of the Roman people. - title given according to Tacitus Annals by the Romans to their ancient allies, the Celtic Aedui tribe, whose leaders were also the first Gauls to be awarded the right at Claudius behest to become Senators in Rome Gaius, Hylas, Agricola and I were not returning through Gaul to Rome via the same route that we had travelled in the other direction, namely along the countrys rivers and canals. Without Aulus Didius Gallus and his military escort and copious luggage, we could not really justify the expense of the necessary barge. We were therefore compelled to journey in a slow covered ox-drawn wagon, hired with driver, along the Roman road from our landfall in Iuliobona. The route actually initially skirted the River Sequana and returned us to Lutetia. From there, we travelled to Cabillonum, which was one of the towns of the Aedui. Two major Roman roads converge at Cabillonum. The one from the northwest brought us to the town, whilst that from the northeast led from Germania. We therefore experienced a totally unexpected reunion in Cabillonum. Arriving at about the same time from Germania, and coincidentally staying overnight in the same deversorium, was Axenius, accompanied by Corbulo. Reunion greetings were naturally fulsome, especially as I advised Axenius that I had suffered worrying feelings in Britannia, which suggested that some danger might have befallen him in Germania. In response, my friend merely at first laughed. After eventually calming, Axenius then explained his amusement by initially commenting "Its funny that you should say that because ." (Domus of Axenius, Quirinal Hill, Rome, 1 month later, Maius DCCCVI A.V.C. [May 53 AD]) In Rome, you long for the country; in the country, oh inconstant! You praise the distant city to the stars. - Horace Naturally, my party now joined with that of Axenius and Corbulo in order to complete the journey back to Rome, which was a city that I now both loved and hated. I loved certain kind people and the many splendid edifices and inventions, such as the aqueducts that provided water for the baths and sewage systems. I hated certain other more nefarious people, as well as the poverty and squalor endured by the poor, the institution of slavery and the inherent unfairness and cruelty of some aspects of society. My company on the journey to Rome had already been delightful. However, the additional presence of Axenius and the affably gregarious Corbulo added to the pleasantness. Pliny had naturally long before sent one of the speedy military despatch riders from Germania Inferior to Rome to convey the good news about the safety of Axenius and himself to family and friends in the Imperial capital. The secure return of the young Germanian was therefore eagerly and joyously anticipated by those who knew him. Corbulo, whose status entitled him to his own small military escort, which was one reason why Pliny had wanted Axenius to travel with him, had also sent one of his cavalrymen ahead once Rome was close to advise concerned personages of our imminent arrival. Consequently, when the young Germanian eventually reached his opulent residence on the Quirinal Hill, where slave lookouts had been posted to signal his return, the whole of the household was lined up to greet him home. Cornutus, who had been the formal guardian of Axenius interests in Rome during his employers absence in Germania, performed the formal greeting. This welcome then soon degenerated into chaos when, finally allowed by the attendant Servius, the returning master of the household was mobbed by his younger siblings, Anacletus and Axenia, and adopted son, Arius. Meanwhile, close to this touching reunion scene, Gaius was being similarly hugged by Achilleus and Tyanus, who had been staying in Axenius residence whilst their own adoptive father had been with me in Britannia. However, later in the day, when Cornutus finally managed to report recent news of events in Rome, the atmosphere became more sombre. The change in attitude resulted from Cornutus reports about happenings within the Imperial family. (To be continued in chapter LIX Children)
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